https://zacklabe.com/arctic-sea-ice-extentconcentration/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_quartiles_currentyear_v2.pngnsidc_sie_quartiles_currentyear_v2Current Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC, DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS F-18 and JAXA AMSR2) in 2026 compared to climatology (blue, 1981-2010) and 2 standard deviations from the mean (updated 4/3/2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_centralarctic.pngnsidc_sie_CentralArcticAnnual sea ice extent over the Arctic Ocean Basin (Beaufort, Chukchi, East Siberia, Laptev, and Central Arctic Seas) for 2026 (red line) and throughout the satellite era (purple [1979] to white [2025] lines). Plot updated 4/3/2026 using NSIDC Sea Ice Index v4 (DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS F-18 and JAXA AMSR2).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_timeseries_anomalies.pngnsidc_sie_TimeSeries_anomaliesArctic sea ice extent anomalies stretching from January 1979 to present day (satellite-era; NSIDC, DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS and JAXA AMSR2). Anomalies are calculated using a 5-day running mean from a climatological baseline of 1981-2010 (updated 4/3/2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/moving_sie_jaxa.gifmoving_SIE_JAXAAnimation shows daily Arctic sea ice extents for 2007, 2012, 2020, and 2026. The decadal averages are also included for the 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s. Plot updated through 4/3/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_seaiceanomalies_integrated.pngNSIDC_seaiceAnomalies_integratedTime-evolving accumulation of Arctic sea ice extent anomalies beginning each season on September 15th and ending in one year. Data are shown for seasons of 1979-1980 to 2025-2026 (satellite-era; NSIDC, DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS and JAXA AMSR2). Anomalies are calculated using a 5-day running mean from a climatological baseline of 1981-2010. Note that 2023-2024 is highlighted with a yellow line, 2024-2025 is highlighted with an orange line, and 2025-2026 is shown using a red line (updated 4/3/2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/bars_sie_jaxa.pngBars_SIE_JAXACurrent Arctic sea ice extents (JAXA AMSR2) from 2004-present. Color bars are blue when 2026 has dropped below the prior year. Updated through 4/3/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/jaxa_seaice_dailychange.pngJAXA_seaice_dailychangeLatest change in daily Arctic sea ice extent for 2026 (JAXA AMSR2). Plot updated through 4/3/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_regionals_v2.pngnsidc_sie_regionals_v2Current regional Arctic sea ice extents (NSIDC Sea Ice Index v4: DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS F-18 and JAXA AMSR2) in addition to 2 standard deviations from the 1981-2010 mean. A map of the regions can be found at https://zacklabe.files.wordpress.com/2022/08/b203f-nsidc_mapseas.png. Graphic updated 4/3/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_regional_sierankings.pngnsidc_sie_Regional_SIERankingsDaily rank for regional Arctic sea ice extents (NSIDC Sea Ice Index v4 : DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS F-18 and JAXA AMSR2) over the satellite-era (1979-2025; 48 years). A map of the individual regions can be found at https://zacklabe.files.wordpress.com/2022/08/b203f-nsidc_mapseas.png. A rank of "1" is the lowest on record for a given region. A rank of "48" is the highest sea-ice extent on record for a given region. If the geographically-constrained region is climatologically ice-free (summer) or if the basin is climatologically ice-covered (winter), then no rank will be shown. Graphic is updated for the ranks on 4/3/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_regionals_5daychange.pngnsidc_sie_regionals_5daychangeChange in Arctic sea ice extent over the last 5 days for each marginal sea (NSIDC Sea Ice Index v4 : DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS F-18 and JAXA AMSR2). A map of the individual regions can be found at https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/b203f-nsidc_mapseas.png. Graphic is updated to 4/3/2026.2026-04-03T14:40:29+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/antarctic-sea-ice-extentconcentration/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_regional_sierankings_ant.pngnsidc_sie_Regional_SIERankings_ANTDaily rank for regional Antarctic sea ice extents (NSIDC Sea Ice Index v4 : DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS F-18 and JAXA AMSR2) over the satellite-era (1979-2026). A map of the regions can be found at https://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/map-of-antarctica/. A rank of "1" is the lowest on record for a given region. A rank of "48" is the highest sea-ice extent on record for a given region. Graphic is updated for the ranks on 4/3/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_regionals_ant_v2_lines.pngnsidc_sie_regionals_ant_v2_linesCurrent regional Antarctic sea ice extents (NSIDC Sea Ice Index v4 : DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS F-18 and JAXA AMSR2) for 2026 (red line) and for each year through the satellite era (blue [1979] to white [2025] lines). A map of the regions can be found at https://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/map-of-antarctica/. Graphic updated 4/3/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_ant_quartiles_currentyear_v2.pngnsidc_sie_ant_quartiles_currentyear_v2Current Antarctic sea ice extent (NSIDC, DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS F-18 and JAXA AMSR2) in addition to climatology (blue, 1981-2010) and 2 standard deviations from the mean (updated 4/3/2026)https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_ant_lines_zoom.pngnsidc_sie_ant_lines_zoom[Special (temporary) graphic to monitor the ongoing record low] Antarctic sea ice extent for each year from 1979 to 2026 (satellite-era; NSIDC, DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS and JAXA AMSR2). 2024 is highlighted with a yellow line. 2026 is shown using a red line (updated 4/3/2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_ant_anomalies.pngnsidc_sie_ant_anomaliesAntarctic sea ice extent anomalies for each year from 1979 to 2026 (satellite-era; NSIDC, DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS and JAXA AMSR2). Anomalies are calculated using a 5-day running mean from a climatological baseline of 1981-2010. 2023 is shown with a yellow line. 2026 is shown using a red line (updated 4/3/2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_timeseries_ant_anomalies.pngnsidc_sie_TimeSeries_ant_anomaliesAntarctic sea ice extent anomalies stretching from January 1979 to present day (satellite-era; NSIDC, DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS and JAXA AMSR2). Anomalies are calculated using a 5-day running mean from a climatological baseline of 1981-2010 (updated 4/3/2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_regionals_ant_v2.pngnsidc_sie_regionals_ant_v2Current regional Antarctic sea ice extents (NSIDC Sea Ice Index v4; DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS F-18 and JAXA AMSR2) in addition to 2 standard deviations from the 1981-2010 mean (updated 4/3/2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_ant_lines.pngnsidc_sie_ant_lines[Special (temporary) graphic to monitor the ongoing record low] Antarctic sea ice extent 4/3/2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/sic_ant_anomalies_march_2026_2plots.pngSIC_ANT_Anomalies_March_2026_2PlotsMonthly averaged Antarctic sea-ice concentration for March 2026 (left) and its anomalies relative to 1981-2010 (right). Data from NRT NOAA/NSIDC CDR of Passive Microwave Sea Ice Concentration v4 (https://doi.org/10.7265/tm2n-1m33); ice concentration updated with up to a 1-month lag. Graphic created on 4/1/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/sit_giomas_2025.gifsit_GIOMAS_2025Since sea ice thickness observations are sparse, we utilize the GIOMAS model (Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) to visualize sea ice thickness averaged for each year from 1979 to 2025. For more information on this ice-ocean reanalysis dataset, see https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/1807/2022/. Updated 1/18/2026.2026-04-03T13:46:16+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/global-sea-ice-extent-conc/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_timeseries_global_anomalies.pngnsidc_sie_TimeSeries_global_anomaliesGlobal (Arctic + Antarctic) sea ice extent anomalies stretching from January 1979 to present day (satellite-era; NSIDC, DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS and JAXA AMSR2). Anomalies are calculated using a 5-day running mean from a climatological baseline of 1981-2010 (updated 4/3/2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_globalanom_year_v2.pngnsidc_sie_globalanom_year_v2Current year’s sea ice extent anomalies for the Arctic and Antarctic (NSIDC, DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS F-18 and JAXA AMSR2). Departure from average (anomaly) considers a 1981-2010 climatology (updated 4/3/2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_global_lines.pngnsidc_sie_GLOBAL_linesGlobal sea ice extent (Arctic + Antarctic) for each year from 1979 to 2026 (satellite-era; NSIDC, DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS and JAXA AMSR2). 2023 is highlighted with a yellow line. 2026 is shown using a red line (updated 4/3/2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/nsidc_sie_global_anomalies.pngnsidc_sie_GLOBAL_anomaliesGlobal sea ice extent anomalies (Arctic + Antarctic) for each year from 1979 to 2026 (satellite-era; NSIDC, DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS and JAXA AMSR2). Anomalies are calculated using a 5-day running mean from a climatological baseline of 1981-2010. 2024 is shown with a yellow line. 2026 is shown using a red line (updated 4/3/2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/sivbar_global_year2025.gifsivbar_global_year2025Latest GIOMAS (model; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) simulated sea ice volume (SIV) for the entire globe (Arctic + Antarctic) for each year from 1979 to 2025. Updated 1/18/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/giomas_siv_timeseries_anomalies_global.pngGIOMAS_SIV_TimeSeries_anomalies_globalMonthly global sea ice volume anomalies stretching from January 1979 to December 2025 (GIOMAS; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003). Anomalies are calculated from a climatological baseline of 1981-2010 (updated 1/18/2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/sit_12_2025_giomas.pngsit_12_2025_GIOMASCurrent simulated (GIOMAS; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) sea ice thickness and anomalies (1981-2010 baseline) updated for December 2025. For more information on this ice-ocean reanalysis dataset, see https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/1807/2022/.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/siv_12_2025_giomas_global.pngsiv_12_2025_GIOMAS_globalLatest GIOMAS model (Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) simulated sea ice volume (SIV) for the entire globe (Arctic + Antarctic). Volume is averaged for each month from 1979 to 2025. Graphic updated through December 2025.2026-04-03T13:39:09+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/arctic-sea-ice-volumethickness/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/sit_cs3smos_2026-03-25_2026-03-31.pngsit_CS3SMOS_2026-03-25_2026-03-31Current Arctic sea ice thickness derived from weekly sea ice thickness maps based on CryoSat-2/Sentinel-3/SMOS data fusion (Level 4, Version 3.0; Ricker et al. 2017) and its difference compared to the previous year. This graphic will only be updated during winter months (October-April), which is when satellite estimates of sea ice thickness are available. Updated for March 25-31, 2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/meansit_region-85n_monthlypiomas_1979-2026.pngmeanSIT_region-85N_monthlyPIOMAS_1979-2026Average sea-ice thickness for each month from January 1979 to February 2026 near the North Pole (averaged north of 85°N latitude). Simulated data is available using PIOMAS v2.1 (Zhang and Rothrock, 2003). Graphic updated on 3/13/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/sit_piomas_feb26.gifsit_PIOMAS_Feb26Trends in sea ice thickness/volume are another important indicator of Arctic climate change. While sea ice thickness observations are sparse, here we utilize the ocean and sea ice model, PIOMAS (Zhang and Rothrock, 2003), to visualize February sea ice thickness and volume from 1979 to 2026. Updated for February 2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/sivbar_feb26.gifsivbar_Feb26Latest PIOMAS (model; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) sea ice volume (SIV) across the Arctic (updated for February 2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/piomas20c_2_v2.pngPIOMAS20C_2_v2Time series showing Arctic sea-ice volume for every February from 1901 to 2010 using PIOMAS-20C and from 1979 to 2026 using PIOMAS-v2.1. Thin dashed lines using a lowess smoothing fit are shown for each ice-ocean reanalysis dataset. Graphic updated 3/5/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/piomas_siv_timeseries_anomalies.pngPIOMAS_SIV_TimeSeries_anomaliesDaily Arctic sea ice volume anomalies stretching from 1 February 1979 to 28 February 2026 (PIOMAS; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003). Anomalies are calculated from a climatological baseline of 1981-2010 (updated 3/5/2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/sit_piomas_february_v1.pngSIT_PIOMAS_February_v1Latest PIOMAS (Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) simulated sea ice thickness (SIT) across the Arctic (updated through February 2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/siv_piomas_february_v2.pngSIV_PIOMAS_February_v2Latest PIOMAS (Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) simulated sea ice volume (SIV) across the Arctic (updated through February 2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/sit_piomas_mask_feb26.gifsit_PIOMAS_mask_Feb26Trends in sea ice thickness/volume are another important indicator of Arctic climate change. While sea ice thickness observations are sparse, here we utilize the ocean and sea ice model, PIOMAS (Zhang and Rothrock, 2003), to visualize February sea ice thickness from 1979 to 2026. Sea ice less than 1.5 meters is masked out (black) to emphasize the loss of thicker, older ice. Updated through February 2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/sit_2_2026-recentbaseline_subplots.pngsit_2_2026-RecentBaseline_SubplotsSimulated (PIOMAS; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) sea ice thickness anomalies for each February from 2012 to 2026. Note that anomalies are calculated using a recent baseline of 2010-2025, which is a period of substantial Arctic sea-ice loss.2026-04-03T13:38:04+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/climate-change-indicators/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/dailyt_era5_global_v2.pngdailyT_ERA5_GLOBAL_v2Daily global mean near-surface (2-m) air temperatures using ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis (area-weighted average). The spread in the years 1940-2025 are annotated by the gray shading. 2026 is shown with the red line. 2024 is shown with a thin white line. Climatological reference periods are shown with dashed dark green, light green, and while lines for the respective 30-year baselines of 1971-2000, 1981-2010, and 1991-2020. A dashed dark red line indicates 2°C above the 1850-1900 pre-industrial baseline, as defined by C3S (https://climate.copernicus.eu/GCH2023-Paris-Agreement). Due to preliminary data from ERA5T (for 2026), this graphic will be updated at a 2-3 day lag. Data are provided by https://pulse.climate.copernicus.eu/. The graphic is updated through 3 April 2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/dailysst_era5_global_v2.pngdailySST_ERA5_GLOBAL_v2Daily global mean sea surface temperatures (SST) using ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis (area-weighted average from 60°S to 60°N). The spread in the years 1979-2025 are annotated by the gray shading. 2026 is shown with the red line. 2024 is shown with a thin white line, and 2023 is shown with a thin orange line. Climatological reference periods are shown with dashed light green and while lines for the respective 30-year baselines of 1981-2010 and 1991-2020. Due to preliminary data from ERA5T (for 2026), this graphic will be updated at a 2-3 day lag. Data are provided by https://pulse.climate.copernicus.eu/. The graphic is updated through 3 April 2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/wmo_glacierchange_1950-2025.pngWMO_GlacierChange_1950-2025Cumulative change in the mass balance of reference glaciers around the world through 2025. Change is measured relative to 1970 levels. More information on the details and methods can be found at https://wgms.ch/global-glacier-state/. The units are equivalent to tonnes per square meter (1,000 kg/m²). Graphic updated 3/22/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ghg_dashboard_co2ch4n2o-gmst_v2.pngGHG_Dashboard_CO2CH4N2O-GMST_v2This graphic shows monthly data from January 1984 through November 2025/February 2026. The first graph is a 12-month running mean of global mean surface temperature anomalies using ERA5 data. Anomalies are computed relative to a 1991-2020. The other three graphs show carbon dioxide abundance, global methane abundance, and global nitrous oxide abundance (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/). Graphic updated 3/10/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/era5_runningmean_global_2026_1991-2020.pngERA5_RunningMean_Global_2026_1991-2020Globally averaged near-surface (2-m) air temperature anomalies for each month from January 1979 to February 2026. Data is from ERA5 reanalysis using a 1991-2020 reference period and smoothed with a 12-month running mean. Updated 3/10/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/era5_gmsthemisphere_timeseries_anomalies.pngERA5_GMSThemisphere_TimeSeries_anomaliesMonthly near-surface air temperature anomalies averaged over the Northern Hemisphere (yellow line) and Southern Hemisphere (dashed blue line) from January 1940 to February 2026 (ERA5 reanalysis). Anomalies are calculated from a climatological baseline of 1951-1980 (updated 3/9/2026).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/era5_gmstregions_timeseries_anomalies.pngERA5_GMSTregions_TimeSeries_anomaliesMonthly near-surface air temperature anomalies averaged over the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude region (white line; 30°N-60°N), Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude region (grey line; 60°S-30°S), Niño 3.4 region (yellow line; 120°W-150°W and 5°S-5°N), and the Tropics (dashed red line; 20°S to 20°N) from January 1940 to February 2026 (ERA5 reanalysis). Anomalies are calculated from a climatological baseline of 1951-1980. Data are smoothed using a 12-month forward running average. Graphic updated on 3/9/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/monthlyt_era5_global_v2.pngmonthlyT_ERA5_GLOBAL_v2Monthly global mean near-surface (2-m) air temperatures using ERA5 reanalysis (area-weighted average). Individual years from 1940-2025 are shown by the sequential purple to white lines. 2026 is indicated by the red line, and 2024 is shown with a yellow line. Due to preliminary data from ERA5T (for 2026), this graphic will be updated at a 1-month lag. Updated through February 2026https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/gmst_actual_annualmean_era5.pngGMST_Actual_AnnualMean_ERA5Globally averaged near-surface (2-m) air temperature for each year from 1940 to 2025. Data is from ERA5 reanalysis. The actual global temperature in 2025 was approximately 15.0°C (59.0°F). Updated 2/8/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/co2_annualgrowthrate.pngCO2_annualGrowthRateGraph showing the annual mean growth rate in atmospheric carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa Observatory from 1959 through 2025. The uncertainty in the annual growth rate is approximately 0.11 ppm per year. A linear trend line (dashed) is also shown over the entire period. Data from https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/gr.html. Graphic updated on 3/7/2026.2026-04-03T13:37:30+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/arctic-temperatures/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/dmi_temp_80n.pngdmi_temp_80NDaily 2 m surface air temperature for the Arctic averaged above 80°N. Individual years from 1958-2025 are shown by the sequential blue/purple to yellow lines. 2026 is indicated by the red line. ERA40 has been applied for the 1958-2002 climatology (white line), while the operational ECMWF is used for the current year. This figure is modified from the Danish Meteorological Institute with more information available at http://ocean.dmi.dk/arctic/meant80n.uk.php.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/dmi_fdd_anomalies_80n_social.pngdmi_fdd_anomalies_80N_socialTotal freezing degree days (FDD) anomalies in the Arctic (80°N+) calculated from ERA40 and ECMWF. Data modified from http://ocean.dmi.dk/arctic/meant80n.uk.php (DMI) and updated through 2026. FDD are summed over the differences from the freezing point of sea water (-1.8°C). Anomalies are calculated from the ERA40 1958-2002 mean.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/dmi_tdd_80n.pngdmi_tdd_80NTotal thawing degree days (TDD) in the Arctic (80°N+) calculated from ERA40 and ECMWF. Data modified from http://ocean.dmi.dk/arctic/meant80n.uk.php (DMI) and updated through 2026. TDD are summed over the differences above the freezing point of sea water (-1.8°C).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/dmi_fdd_80n.pngdmi_fdd_80NTotal freezing degree days (FDD) in the Arctic (80°N+) calculated from ERA40 and ECMWF. Data modified from http://ocean.dmi.dk/arctic/meant80n.uk.php (DMI) and updated through 2026. FDD are summed over the differences from the freezing point of sea water (-1.8°C).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/era5_monthly-2026-t2m_arcticdefinitions.pngERA5_Monthly-2026-T2M_ArcticDefinitionsMonthly temperature anomalies from ERA5 reanalysis of 2-m air temperatures in the Arctic using definitions latitudinal definitions for 2026. Anomalies are computed relative to a climatological baseline of 1981-2010. Figure is updated through February 2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/monthlytanomalies_era5_regions_v2.pngmonthlyTanomalies_ERA5_REGIONS_v22026's monthly 2-m air temperature anomalies for six regions in the Arctic using ERA5 reanalysis. Shading indicates the maximum and minimum temperature anomalies for each month over the 1940-2025 period of record. Due to preliminary data from ERA5T (for 2026), this graphic will be updated at a 1-month lag. Anomalies are calculated from a 1951-1980 climate baseline. Updated through February 2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/monthlyt_era5_v2.pngmonthlyT_ERA5_v2Monthly 2-m air temperatures for the Arctic using ERA5 reanalysis (area averaged north of 70°N). Individual years from 1940-2025 are shown by the sequential blue to white lines. 2026 is indicated by the red line. Due to preliminary data from ERA5T (for 2026), this graphic will be updated at a 1-month lag. Updated through February 2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/monthlytanomalies_era5_v2.pngmonthlyTanomalies_ERA5_v2Monthly 2-m air temperature anomalies for the Arctic using ERA5 reanalysis (area averaged north of 70°N). Individual years from 1940-2025 are shown by the sequential blue to red lines. 2026 is indicated by the yellow line. Due to preliminary data from ERA5T (for 2026), this graphic will be updated at a 1-month lag. Anomalies are calculated from a 1951-1980 climate baseline. Updated through February 2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/oct-feb_arcticamplification.gifOct-Feb_ArcticAmplificationChanges in average October through February Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC, Sea Ice Index v4) and air temperature anomalies from ERA5 reanalysis (+67°N latitude; 1981-2010 baseline) over the satellite era. Mean monthly periods are calculated from 1979-1980 (denoted as 1980) through 2025-2026 (denoted as 2026). Updated 3/9/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/monthlycomposite_arctic_mean-anomalies_02-2026.pngMonthlyComposite_Arctic_Mean-Anomalies_02-2026Monthly mean near-surface air temperatures and anomalies for February 2026 in the Arctic. Anomalies are computed relative to a 1981-2010 baseline. Data is from ERA5 reanalysis.2026-04-03T13:36:54+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/media-and-outreach/2026-04-02T13:06:59+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/publications/2026-04-02T13:05:38+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/springonset/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/fcdb2-spring2012.pngspring2012First leaf indices averaged over 1981-2010 (e.g., the start of spring) across the United States. March 2012 first leafs plotted below and are nearly 3σ earlier than normal. Figure from (Labe et. al., 2015, submitted).2026-04-02T13:05:00+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/education-and-outreach/2026-04-02T02:02:39+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/blog-archive-2026/2026-03-29T19:56:22+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/climate-viz-of-the-month/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/annualmax_sie_2026.gifannualMAX_sie_2026Line graph showing the annual maximum Arctic sea-ice extent for every year from 1979 through 2026. Data is from the NSIDC's Sea Ice Index Version 4 (https://nsidc.org/data/seaice_index). Created on 29 March 2026. [Click directly on the animation to download or enlarge]https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/winter_2026.gifwinter_2026Animation of daily Arctic sea-ice concentration from 1 January 2026 to 24 March 2026 with a view of the Northern Hemisphere. Data is from the 3-km AWI SIC algorithm using AMSR2 satellite (https://seaice.de/). Visualization created on 28 March 2026. [Click directly on the image to download or enlarge. Animation may take a few extra seconds to load.]https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/summaryofmonth-arctic_feb_2026.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Feb_2026Climate summary for February 2026 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v4), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 3/21/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/era5land_snowdepth_monthly-2025.gifERA5Land_SnowDepth_Monthly-2025Animation of monthly mean snow depth from January 2025 to December 2025. Data are from ERA5-Land reanalysis (https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.68d2bb30). Created on 7 March 2026. [Click directly on the image to download or enlarge]https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/summaryofmonth-arctic_jan_2026.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jan_2026Climate summary for January 2026 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v4), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 2/19/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/piomas20c_annual.pngPIOMAS20C_AnnualLine graph showing the annual mean Arctic sea-ice volume for the Arctic from 1901 to 2025. Data is from PIOMAS v2.1 and PIOMAS-20C (https://psc.apl.uw.edu/research/projects/piomas-20c/). Created on 31 January 2026. [Click directly on the animation to download or enlarge]https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/annual_sie_ant_2025.gifannual_sie_ant_2025Line graph showing the annual mean Antarctic sea-ice extent for every year from 1979 through 2025. Data is from the NSIDC’s Sea Ice Index Version 4 (https://nsidc.org/data/seaice_index). Created on 31 January 2026. [Click directly on the animation to download or enlarge]https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/annual_sie_2025.gifannual_sie_2025Line graph showing the annual mean Arctic sea-ice extent for every year from 1979 through 2025. Data is from the NSIDC’s Sea Ice Index Version 4 (https://nsidc.org/data/seaice_index). Created on 31 January 2026. [Click directly on the animation to download or enlarge]https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/summaryofmonth-arctic_dec_2025.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Dec_2025Climate summary for December 2025 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v4), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 1/15/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/meansit_region-85n_monthlypiomas_1979-2025.pngmeanSIT_region-85N_monthlyPIOMAS_1979-2025Average sea-ice thickness for each month from 1979 to 2025 near the North Pole (averaged north of 85°N latitude). Simulated data is available through November 2025 using PIOMAS (https://psc.apl.uw.edu/research/projects/arctic-sea-ice-volume-anomaly/data/model_grid). Visualization created on 27 December 2025. [Click directly on the image to download or enlarge]2026-03-29T19:54:15+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/resources-and-data-references/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/reanalysis_arctic_t_2025.pngReanalysis_Arctic_T_2025Annual average 2-m temperature anomalies in the Arctic (67°N+) for various reanalysis data sets. Anomalies are calculated from a 1981-2010 baseline. NCEP/NCAR (R1) is available from 1948 to 2025 at https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html. NCEP-DOE (R2) is available from 1979 to 2025 at https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis2.html. CFSR data is available from 1979 to 2025 at https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds093.1/. MERRA-2 is available from 1980 to 2025 at https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/reanalysis/MERRA-2/. JRA-55 is available from 1958 to 2023 at http://jra.kishou.go.jp/JRA-55/index_en.html. ERA-Interim (ERAi) is available from 1979 to 2018 at https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/era-interim. ERA5 is available from 1979-2025 at https://apps.ecmwf.int/data-catalogues/era5/. Tools including the NOAA/PSL Web-based Reanalysis Intercomparison Tool: Monthly/Seasonal Time Series (WRIT) have been used for the construction of this plot. Analysis will updated as annual data becomes available. Additional reanalysis data sets will also be added with time. Graphic was last updated on 3/23/2026.2026-03-23T23:46:05+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/archive-2026/2026-03-22T02:01:58+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/research-areas/2026-03-14T15:10:00+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/arctic-sea-ice-figures/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/era5_gmstpolar_timeseries_anomalies.pngERA5_GMSTpolar_TimeSeries_anomaliesMonthly near-surface air temperature anomalies averaged over the Arctic (gold line; 65°N-90°N), high Arctic (dashed gold line; 80°N-90°N), Antarctic (blue line; 90°S-65°S), and high Antarctic (blue line; 90°S-80°S) from January 1940 to February 2026 (ERA5 reanalysis). Anomalies are calculated from a climatological baseline of 1951-1980. Data are smoothed using a 12-month forward running average. Graphic updated on 3/9/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/icealbedo_aa_moving_2025.gifIceAlbedo_AA_moving_2025Changes in annual mean surface air temperature anomalies (NOAA Merged Land Ocean Global Surface Temperature Analysis; NOAAGlobalTemp v6.0.0), annual mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC, Sea Ice Index v4), and annual mean sea surface temperature anomalies (NOAA Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature V2.1; OISSTv21) over the satellite era and within the Arctic (67N+ latitude). NOAAGlobalTemp v6.0.0 is available from 1850 to 2025 at https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/land-based-station/noaa-global-temp. OISSTv21 is available from 1982 to 2025 at https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.noaa.oisst.v2.highres.html. Updated 2/9/2026. https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/arcticamplification_2025.gifArcticAmplification_2025Changes in annual mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC, Sea Ice Index v4) and air temperature anomalies (NOAA Merged Land Ocean Global Surface Temperature Analysis; NOAAGlobalTemp v6.0.0) over the satellite era. NOAAGlobalTemp v6.0.0 is available from 1850 to 2025 at https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/land-based-station/noaa-global-temp. Updated 2/9/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/arctic_precipitationtemperature_annualtrends_1979-2025.pngArctic_PrecipitationTemperature_AnnualTrends_1979-2025Decadal trends (linear) in annual mean temperature and precipitation for the Arctic from 1979 to 2025. Data are from ERA5 reanalysis (https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels-monthly-means?tab=overview) and GPCP (https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.gpcp.html). Graphic was updated on 2/8/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/tas-sit_decadalcomposites_annual_2025.pngTAS-SIT_DecadalComposites_annual_2025Annual means composited by decade for near-surface air temperatures (top) and Arctic sea-ice thickness (bottom) through 2025. Temperature anomalies are from ERA5 reanalysis using a baseline climatology of 1951-1980. Sea-ice thickness data is simulated from PIOMAS. Graphic was updated on 2/8/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/tas_decadalcomposites_annual_ant.pngTAS_DecadalComposites_annual_antAnnual means composited by decade for near-surface air temperatures in the Antarctic through 2025. Temperature anomalies are from ERA5 reanalysis using a baseline climatology of 1951-1980. Graphic was updated on 2/8/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/sit_piomas_allsubplots_annual_2025.pngsit_PIOMAS_allsubplots_annual_2025Current simulated (PIOMAS; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) sea ice thickness averaged over each year from 1979 to 2025. Updated 2/7/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/best_t2m_47subplots_oct-dec.pngBEST_T2M_47subplots_OCT-DECSurface air temperature anomalies over the Arctic during the satellite-era in boreal fall (October to December). This period coincides with the largest Arctic amplification trends. Data is from Berkeley Earth Surface Temperatures (BEST; http://berkeleyearth.org/data/) using a reference period of 1951-1980. Graphic updated from 1979 through 2025 on 2/1/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/annual_best_t2m_100subplots_2025.pngAnnual_BEST_T2M_100subplots_2025Annual mean temperature anomalies over the last 120 years in the Arctic. Data is from Berkeley Earth Surface Temperatures (BEST; http://berkeleyearth.org/data/) using a reference period of 1951-1980. Graphic updated through 2025 on 2/1/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/seaicetrends_2025.gifSeaIceTrends_2025Animation of changes in average September sea ice extent from 1979 through 2025 - with substantial natural variability and a long-term decline. Data is freely available from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at https://nsidc.org/data/seaice_index/. Updated on 1/17/2026.2026-03-09T15:00:51+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/methods-and-open-software/2026-03-06T00:32:23+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/arctic-amplification/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/labepeingsmagnusdottir_grl2020_2025_socialmedia_masked.pngLabePeingsMagnusdottir_GRL2020_2025_SocialMedia_MaskedFig. 1 - Zonal-mean (45°N to 90°N) cross-section (latitude vs. height) of decadal air temperature trends in boreal winter (December-January-February). Trends are calculated using ERA5 reanalysis over the 1980 to 2025 period. Insignificant trends are masked out. This figure was adapted from Labe et al. [2020, GRL].https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/a2309-socialmedia_slp_published.pngSocialMedia_SLP_PublishedFig. 2 - Sea level pressure (SLP) response to projected Arctic amplification (AA around 2030, 2060, and 2090; top row) and to projected sea-ice loss at 2°C of global warming relative to the pre-industrial era (bottom row). The sea-ice loss experiments are conducted using a atmosphere-only global climate model for sea-ice concentration decline (SIC-Pd; left - bottom) and both sea-ice concentration and thickness decline (SIT-Pd; right - bottom). The middle experiment (S-Coupled-Pd; bottom) uses a coupled atmosphere-ocean global climate model for prescribing sea-ice concentration decline. This figure was adapted from Labe et al. [2020, GRL].2026-03-05T13:09:20+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/graduate-research/2026-02-21T15:28:33+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/climate-model-projections/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/lens_trends_t2m-jja_1979-2025-1.pngLENS_Trends_T2M-JJA_1979-2025Mean June to August near-surface temperature trends from 1979 to 2025 for the ensemble mean of the CESM1 Large Ensemble (RCP8.5 scenario) (left) and ERA5 reanalysis (right). In other words, this is the climate change signal only in one climate model. In reality, internal variability will contribute to more spatial variability in temperature trends (as found in observations). https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/lens_trends_t2m-ond_1979-2025.pngLENS_Trends_T2M-OND_1979-2025Mean October to December near-surface temperature trends from 1979 to 2025 for the ensemble mean of the CESM1 Large Ensemble (RCP8.5 scenario) (left) and ERA5 reanalysis (right). In other words, this is the climate change signal only in one climate model. In reality, internal variability will contribute to more spatial variability in temperature trends (as found in observations). https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/lens_trends_t2m-annual_1979-2025.pngLENS_Trends_T2M-Annual_1979-2025Annual-mean near-surface temperature trends from 1979 to 2025 for the ensemble mean of the CESM1 Large Ensemble (RCP8.5 scenario) (left) and ERA5 reanalysis (right). In other words, this is the climate change signal only in one climate model. In reality, internal variability will contribute to more spatial variability in temperature trends (as found in observations).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/arcticprojections_65n_t2m_annual_1950-2099.pngArcticProjections_65N_T2M_annual_1950-2099Annual mean near surface temperatures (2-m height; °C) anomalies averaged over the Arctic (north of 65°N latitude) from 1950 to 2025 using observations from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA5 (solid red line) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences/Department of Energy Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) version 3 (20CRv3; dashed blue line). Note that 20CRv3 is only available from 1950 to 2015. Dark gray shading shows the 5th-95th percentiles of T2M anomalies in the Arctic across 7 global climate model large ensembles from the entire multi-model large ensemble archive (MMLEA) through 2099. Light gray shading shows the 25th-75th percentiles of T2M anomalies in the Arctic across the entire MMLEA through 2099. The white line denotes the multi-model ensemble mean. All climate models are forced with CMIP5 historical forcing from 1950 to 2005 and an extreme high emissions scenario (RCP8.5) from 2006 to 2099. These figures are adapted from Labe and Barnes (2022, ESS). The climate models include: Canadian Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CanESM2; 50 ensemble members), Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble (MPI; 50 ensemble members), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Large Ensemble (CSIRO-MK3.6; 30 ensemble members), EC-Earth Consortium Large Ensemble (EC-Earth; 16 ensemble members), Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Large Ensemble (GFDL-CM3; 20 ensemble members), Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model Large Ensemble (GFDL ESM2M; 30 ensemble members), and the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble Community Project (LENS; 40 ensemble members). All anomalies are computed in respect to their 1981 to 2010 climatology. https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/arcticprojections_80n_t2m_annual_1950-2025.pngArcticProjections_80N_T2M_annual_1950-2025Same data as above, but for north of 80°N latitude.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/arcticprojections_65n_t2m_annual_1950-2025.pngArcticProjections_65N_T2M_annual_1950-2025Same data as above, but only for 1950 to 2025.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/arcticprojections_80n_t2m_seasonal_1950-2050.pngArcticProjections_80N_T2M_Seasonal_1950-2050Same data as above, but calculated for each season (January to March, April to June, July to September, and October to December) from 1950 to 2050 and only north of 80°N latitude.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/arcticprojections_65n_t2m_seasonal_1950-2050.pngArcticProjections_65N_T2M_Seasonal_1950-2050Same data as above, but calculated for each season (January to March, April to June, July to September, and October to December) from 1950 to 2050.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/arcticprojections_80n_t2m_annual_1950-2099_alldata.pngArcticProjections_80N_T2M_annual_1950-2099_AllDataSame data as above, but only for 1950 to 2050 north of 80°N latitude. Each climate model ensemble member is shown with a thin white line.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/arcticprojections_65n_t2m_annual_1950-2099_alldata.pngArcticProjections_65N_T2M_annual_1950-2099_AllDataSame data as above, but only for 1950 to 2050. Each climate model ensemble member is shown with a thin white line.2026-02-08T19:02:56+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/united-states-climate-indicators/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/t2m_conus_yearly_2025.gifT2M_CONUS_Yearly_2025Animation of annual mean near-surface temperature anomalies across the contiguous United States (CONUS) for each year from 1940 to 2025. Data is from ERA5 (https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets). Anomalies are calculated relative to a 1951 to 1980 climate baseline. Graphic was updated on 2/8/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/tas_decadalcomposites_conus.pngTAS_DecadalComposites_CONUSTemperature anomalies averaged for each decade since 1986 across the contiguous United States region. Anomalies are computed relative to a 1981-2010 climate reference period. Data is from ERA5 reanalysis (https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.f17050d7). Graphic was updated on 2/8/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/t_trends_alaska_annual_1979-2025.pngT_Trends_Alaska_Annual_1979-2025Decadal trends in annual mean surface air temperatures over the region of Alaska from 1979 to 2025. Data are from NOAAGlobalTemp v6.0.0 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/land-based-station/noaa-global-temp). Graphic was updated on 2/8/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/t_trends_hawaii_annual_1979-2025.pngT_Trends_Hawaii_Annual_1979-2025Decadal trends in annual mean surface air temperatures around Hawaii from 1979 to 2025. Data are from NOAAGlobalTemp v6.0.0 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/land-based-station/noaa-global-temp). Graphic was updated on 2/8/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/djf_conus_rh2m_trend_1979-2025.pngDJF_CONUS_RH2M_Trend_1979-2025Trends (°F per decade) in near-surface relative humidity over land areas from 1980 to 2025 during December-January-February (DJF). Data derived from ECMWF ERA5-Land Reanalysis (https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.68d2bb30). Graphic was updated on 2/8/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/jja_conus_rh2m_trend_1979-2025.pngJJA_CONUS_RH2M_Trend_1979-2025Trends (°F per decade) in near-surface relative humidity over land areas from 1979 to 2025 during June-July-August (JJA). Data derived from ECMWF ERA5-Land Reanalysis (https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.68d2bb30). Graphic was updated on 2/8/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/jja_conus_hi2m_trend_2000-2025.pngJJA_CONUS_HI2M_Trend_2000-2025Trends (°F per decade) in near-surface monthly-averaged heat indices over land areas from 2000 to 2025 during June-July-August (JJA). Data is derived from ECMWF ERA5-Land Reanalysis (https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.68d2bb30) using the NOAA/NWS formula (https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/html/heatindex_equation.shtml). Graphic was updated on 2/8/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/jja_conus_hi2m_trend_1979-2025.pngJJA_CONUS_HI2M_Trend_1979-2025Trends (°F per decade) in near-surface monthly-averaged heat indices over land areas from 1979 to 2025 during June-July-August (JJA). Data is derived from ECMWF ERA5-Land Reanalysis (https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.68d2bb30) using the NOAA/NWS formula (https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/html/heatindex_equation.shtml). Graphic was updated on 2/8/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/jja_conus_hi2m_trend_1950-2025.pngJJA_CONUS_HI2M_Trend_1950-2025Trends (°F per decade) in near-surface monthly-averaged heat indices over land areas from 1950 to 2025 during June-July-August (JJA). Data is derived from ECMWF ERA5-Land Reanalysis (https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.68d2bb30) using the NOAA/NWS formula (https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/html/heatindex_equation.shtml). Graphic was updated on 2/8/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/prcp_conus_jun-aug_1900-2025_nclimgrid.pngPrcp_CONUS_Jun-Aug_1900-2025_NClimGridCollection of maps showing average June-July-August precipitation rate anomalies from 1900 to 2025. Anomalies are calculated in reference to a 1981 to 2010 climatological baseline. The precipitation maps are organized by decade for each row and scaled between -4 mm/day (brown shading) and +4 mm/day (green shading). Data is from NClimGrid v1 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.ncdc:C00332). Created on 25 January 2026.2026-02-08T18:36:38+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/blog-archive-2025/2026-01-31T19:08:30+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/archive-2024/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/summaryofmonth-arctic_dec_2024.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Dec_2024Climate summary for December 2024 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 1/12/2025.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/summaryofmonth-arctic_oct_2024.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Oct_2024Climate summary for October 2024 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 11/13/2024.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/summaryofmonth-arctic_jun_2024.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jun_2024Climate summary for June 2024 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 7/13/2024.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/summaryofmonth-arctic_apr_2024.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Apr_2024Climate summary for April 2024 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 4/11/2024.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/summaryofmonth-arctic_feb_2024.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Feb_2024Climate summary for February 2024 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 3/15/2024.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/summaryofmonth-arctic_jan_2024.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jan_2024Climate summary for January 2024 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 2/22/2024.2026-01-31T16:23:13+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/archive-2023/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/summaryofmonth-arctic_oct_2023.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Oct_2023Climate summary for October 2023 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 11/16/2023.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/summaryofmonth-arctic_sep_2023.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Sep_2023Climate summary for September 2023 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 10/15/2023.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_aug_2023.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Aug_2023Climate summary for August 2023 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2023.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/summaryofmonth-arctic_jun_2023.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jun_2023Climate summary for June 2023 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 7/14/2023.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/summaryofmonth-arctic_may_2023.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_May_2023Climate summary for May 2023 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 6/15/2023.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/summaryofmonth-arctic_jan_2023.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jan_2023Climate summary for January 2023 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 2/22/2023.2026-01-31T16:23:09+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/archive-2025/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/summaryofmonth-arctic_nov_2025.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Nov_2025Climate summary for November 2025 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v4), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 12/11/2025.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/summaryofmonth-arctic_jul_2025.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jul_2025Climate summary for July 2025 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v4), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 8/8/2025.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/summaryofmonth-arctic_jun_2025.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jun_2025Climate summary for June 2025 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 7/13/2025.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/summaryofmonth-arctic_apr_2025.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Apr_2025Climate summary for April 2025 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 5/13/2025.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/summaryofmonth-arctic_mar_2025.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Mar_2025Climate summary for March 2025 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 4/11/2025.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/summaryofmonth-arctic_feb_2025.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Feb_2025Climate summary for February 2025 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 3/14/2025.2026-01-31T16:22:01+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/frequently-asked-questions/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/reanalysis_arctic_t_annual_baselines_2025.pngReanalysis_Arctic_T_Annual_Baselines_2025Visualization example of mean surface air temperature anomalies averaged over the Arctic Circle using NASA/GISS GISTEMPv4. Each line computes the temperatures anomalies relative to a different reference period (i.e., baseline), which are listed below. This graphic is designed using Python’s ‘matplotlib’ and colors from the ‘Palettable’ package. Updated through 2025.2026-01-17T14:10:13+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/research-areas/sea-ice-variability/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/siv_ranks.pngsiv_ranksArctic sea ice volume rankings (1 = lowest, 47 = highest) from the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS v2.1, Zhang and Rothrock, 2003). Figured updated through December 2025. Graphic is modified from Labe et al. [2018]. Graphic updated on 1/6/2026.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/b203f-nsidc_mapseas.pngNSIDC_mapseasMarginal seas and regions of the Arctic Ocean (courtesy of the National Snow and Ice Data Center [NSIDC])https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/9f611-seaicetypes.pngseaicetypesTypes of sea ice observations used in our analysis (Labe et al., 2018)2026-01-06T13:34:16+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/climate-signals-and-explainable-ai/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/labedelworthjohnsoncooke_detectmitigate_2024jgr-mlc_co2_cmip6-obs_comparison_1960-2100.pngLabeDelworthJohnsonCooke_DetectMitigate_2024JGR-MLC_CO2_CMIP6-Obs_Comparison_1960-2100Comparison of annual mean carbon dioxide levels from observations (dashed red line; https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/data.html) compared with CMIP6 historical forcing and then a range of future Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). The vertical gray line around 2014-2015 indices the transition from historical to SSP forcing, as designated in CMIP6.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/labedelworthjohnsoncooke_detectmitigate_2024jgr-mlc_plainlanguagesummary.pngLabeDelworthJohnsonCooke_DetectMitigate_2024JGR-MLC_PlainLanguageSummaryKey results and a schematic of the artificial neural network used in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Machine Learning and Computation paper “Exploring a data-driven approach to identify regions of change associated with future climate scenarios” from 2024. Figure is adapted from Figure #2 in Labe et al. (2024, JGR-MLC).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/labejohnsondelworth_toe_2024ef_timeseriestavg.pngLabeJohnsonDelworth_TOE_2024EF_TimeSeriesTAVGLine graph of mean June-August mean temperature anomalies over the contiguous United States from 1921 to 2022 for the ensemble mean of SPEAR_MED (bright red line) compared to observations from NClimGrid (dashed while line). The spread across SPEAR_MED ensemble members is shown with the light red shading. Anomalies are computed for each data set with respect to their own 1981–2010 climatological mean. Data for SPEAR_MED is from https://nomads.gfdl.noaa.gov/ and NClimGrid is from https://doi.org/10.7289/V5SX6B56. Figure is adapted from Labe et al. (2024, EF).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/labejohnsondelworth_toe_2024ef_plainlanguagesummary.pngLabeJohnsonDelworth_TOE_2024EF_PlainLanguageSummaryKey points and a schematic of the artificial neural network used in the 2024 Earth's Future paper “Changes in United States summer temperatures revealed by explainable neural networks.” Figure is adapted from Labe et al. (2024, EF).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/labebarneshurrell_sai_2023erl_motivation.pngLabeBarnesHurrell_SAI_2023ERL_MotivationExample maps of temperature anomalies from the ARISE-SAI-1.5 experiment. One map is from a future climate scenario following SSP2-4.5. The other map is from a stratospheric aerosol injection simulation following SAI-1.5. Figure is adapted from Labe et al. (2023, ERL).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/labebarneshurrell_sai_2023erl_plainlanguagesummary.pngLabeBarnesHurrell_SAI_2023ERL_PlainLanguageSummaryKey points and a schematic of machine learning algorithms used in the 2023 ERL paper “Identifying the regional emergence of climate patterns in the ARISE-SAI-1.5 simulations.” Figure is adapted from Labe et al. (2023, ERL).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/6f4db-labesbarnes_2022ess_opensummary.jpgLabesBarnes_2022ESS_OpenSummaryKey points and a schematic of the artificial neural network (ANN) architecture used in the 2022 ESS paper “Comparison of climate model large ensembles with observations in the Arctic using simple neural networks.” Figures are adapted from Labe and Barnes (2022, ESS).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/e383b-arcticgmsta_comparison_labebarnes-2022ess.pngArcticGMSTA_Comparison_LabeBarnes-2022ESSTime series showing annual mean near-surface temperature (T2M; °C) anomalies averaged over the Arctic (60°N-87°N) from 1950 to 2019 using European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts ERA5 preliminary back extension (ERA5-BE; dashed red line) (Hersbach et al., 2020; Bell et al., 2021) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences/Department of Energy Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) version 3 (20CRv3; solid blue line (Slivinski et al., 2019). Note that 20CRv3 is only available from 1950 to 2015. Gray shading shows the 5th-95th percentiles of T2M anomalies in the Arctic across 7 global climate models with 16 ensemble members each from the multi-model large ensemble archive (MMLEA; Deser et al., 2020). All anomalies are computed in respect to a 1981 to 2010 climatology. Figure adapted from Labe and Barnes (2022, ESS).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/64d93-labebarnes_2022grl_modeledwarmingslowdowns.gifLabeBarnes_2022GRL_ModeledWarmingSlowdownsAnimation showing an example of one ensemble member in CESM2-LE for 0-100 m ocean heat content anomalies (maps), annual mean global mean surface temperature anomalies (blue line), and future 10-year line trends of the global mean surface temperature (red lines). Figures are adapted from Labe and Barnes (2022, GRL)https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/b1c01-labesbarnes_2022grl_opensummary.jpgLabesBarnes_2022GRL_OpenSummaryKey points and a schematic of the artificial neural network (ANN) architecture used in the 2022 GRL paper “Predicting slowdowns in decadal climate warming trends with explainable neural networks.” Figures are adapted from Labe and Barnes (2022, GRL).2025-09-10T15:32:37+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/arctic-climate-seasonality-and-variability/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/arcticclimo_sst.gifarcticClimo_sstAnimation of monthly mean sea surface temperatures (SST) in the Northern Hemisphere. Averages are calculated over the 1991-2020 reference period. Data is from OISSTv2.1. For more information on Arctic SST, check out https://arctic.noaa.gov/report-card/report-card-2023/sea-surface-temperature-2023/.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/toa_netsolar_clearsky_monthly.gifTOA_netsolar_clearsky_monthlyAnimation of monthly top of atmosphere (TOA) net solar radiation (clear sky conditions for incoming minus outgoing solar radiation). Data is from ERA5 reanalysis.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/equinox.gifequinoxAnimation of top of atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation around the March and September equinoxes. Data is from ERA5 reanalysis.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/globalsolstice.gifGlobalSolsticeAnimation of top of atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation around the June and December solstices. Data is from ERA5 reanalysis.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/polarsolstice.gifPolarSolsticeAnimation of top of atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation around the June Solstice. Data is from ERA5 reanalysis.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/arcticclimo.gifArcticClimoAnimation of monthly mean near-surface air temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere. Averages are calculated over the 1981 to 2010 reference period. Data is from ERA5 reanalysis.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/seaiceseasonalcycle.gifSeaIceSeasonalCycleAnimation of monthly mean Arctic sea-ice concentration in the Arctic (left) and Antarctic (right). Averages are calculated over the 1981 to 2010 reference period. Data is from ERA5 reanalysis.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/n80_degrees.pngN80_degreesMap of latitude and longitude lines in the Arctic. The red shaded region outlines the area used in the daily temperature plots of northward of 80°N latitude (https://zacklabe.com/arctic-temperatures/).https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/arcticregions_monthly.gifArcticRegions_monthlyMean Arctic sea ice concentration for every month of the year. Averages are calculated over the 1981 to 2010 reference period. Data is from NSIDC's DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/arcticclimo_max-min_seaice.pngArcticClimo_Max-Min_SeaIceMean Arctic sea ice concentration around the annual maximum (left; March) and annual minimum (right; September). Data is from NSIDC's DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS. Averages are calculated over the 1981-2010 reference period.2025-07-06T20:35:50+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/data-driven-climate-attribution/2025-05-03T17:09:02+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/blog-archive-2023/2025-04-08T18:22:13+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/blog-archive-2024/2025-04-08T18:22:04+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/blog-archive-2022/2025-04-08T18:21:35+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/qbo-and-arctic-sea-ice/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/1554a-socialmedia_z30_published.pngSocialMedia_Z30_PublishedFig. 2 - Response of 30-hPa geopotential heights to loss of Arctic sea ice in December (color shading) during years with a westerly QBO (left) or easterly QBO (right). The climatological position of the polar vortex is shown with black contour lines. Statistically significant responses at the 95% confidence level are indicated by the black stippling (dots). This figure was adapted from Labe et al. [2019, GRL].2025-02-02T18:59:51+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/archive-2022/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/summaryofmonth-arctic_oct_2022.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Oct_2022Climate summary for October 2022 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 11/15/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/63d5d-summaryofmonth-arctic_jan_2022.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jan_2022Climate summary for January 2022 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 7/15/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/f10ba-summaryofmonth-arctic_mar_2022.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Mar_2022Climate summary for March 2022 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 7/15/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/59f17-summaryofmonth-arctic_apr_2022.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Apr_2022Climate summary for April 2022 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 7/15/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/1e3ab-summaryofmonth-arctic_jun_2022.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jun_2022Climate summary for June 2022 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 7/14/2022.2023-02-22T20:36:43+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/archive-2021/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_apr_2021.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Apr_2021Climate summary for April 2021 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_mar_2021.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Mar_2021Climate summary for March 2021 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_feb_2021.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Feb_2021Climate summary for February 2021 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.2022-10-29T22:22:37+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/archive-2020/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_dec_2020.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Dec_2020Climate summary for December 2020 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_oct_2020.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Oct_2020Climate summary for October 2020 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_aug_2020.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Aug_2020Climate summary for August 2020 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_may_2020.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_May_2020Climate summary for May 2020 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_mar_2020.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Mar_2020Climate summary for March 2020 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.2022-10-29T22:22:30+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/archive-2019/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_nov_2019.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Nov_2019Climate summary for November 2019 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_sep_2019.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Sep_2019Climate summary for September 2019 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_aug_2019.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Aug_2019Climate summary for August 2019 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_jul_2019.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jul_2019Climate summary for July 2019 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_jun_2019.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jun_2019Climate summary for June 2019 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_may_2019.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_May_2019Climate summary for May 2019 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_apr_2019.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Apr_2019Climate summary for April 2019 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_mar_2019.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Mar_2019Climate summary for March 2019 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.2022-10-29T22:22:24+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/archive-2018/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_sep_2018.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Sep_2018Climate summary for September 2018 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_jun_2018.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jun_2018Climate summary for June 2018 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_may_2018.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_May_2018Climate summary for May 2018 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_mar_2018.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Mar_2018Climate summary for March 2018 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_feb_2018.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Feb_2018Climate summary for February 2018 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.2022-10-29T22:22:15+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/archive-2017/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_dec_2017.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Dec_2017Climate summary for December 2017 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_nov_2017.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Nov_2017Climate summary for November 2017 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_aug_2017.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Aug_2017Climate summary for August 2017 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_may_2017.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_May_2017Climate summary for May 2017 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_apr_2017.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Apr_2017Climate summary for April 2017 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.2022-10-29T22:22:09+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/archive-2016/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_jan_2016.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jan_2016Climate summary for January 2016 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_jun_2016.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jun_2016Climate summary for June 2016 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_sep_2016.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Sep_2016Climate summary for September 2016 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_oct_2016.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Oct_2016Climate summary for October 2016 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_dec_2016.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Dec_2016Climate summary for December 2016 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_nov_2016.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Nov_2016Climate summary for November 2016 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.2022-10-29T22:21:54+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/archive-2015/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_dec_2015.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Dec_2015Climate summary for December 2015 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_aug_2015.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Aug_2015Climate summary for August 2015 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_jun_2015.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jun_2015Climate summary for June 2015 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_may_2015.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_May_2015Climate summary for May 2015 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_mar_2015.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Mar_2015Climate summary for March 2015 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_jan_2015.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jan_2015Climate summary for January 2015 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.2022-10-29T22:21:45+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/archive-2014/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_dec_2014.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Dec_2014Climate summary for December 2014 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_nov_2014.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Nov_2014Climate summary for November 2014 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_oct_2014.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Oct_2014Climate summary for October 2014 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_may_2014.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_May_2014Climate summary for May 2014 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_apr_2014.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Apr_2014Climate summary for April 2014 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_mar_2014.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Mar_2014Climate summary for March 2014 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_jan_2014.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jan_2014Climate summary for January 2014 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.2022-10-29T22:21:36+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/archive-2013/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_jun_2013.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jun_2013Climate summary for June 2013 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_apr_2013.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Apr_2013Climate summary for April 2013 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_mar_2013.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Mar_2013Climate summary for March 2013 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_may_2012.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_May_2012Climate summary for May 2012 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_apr_2012.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Apr_2012Climate summary for April 2012 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_mar_2012.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Mar_2012Climate summary for March 2012 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.2022-10-29T22:21:28+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/archive-2012/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_nov_2012.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Nov_2012Climate summary for November 2012 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_oct_2012.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Oct_2012Climate summary for October 2012 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/summaryofmonth-arctic_jan_2012.pngSummaryOfMonth-Arctic_Jan_2012Climate summary for January 2012 --- Changes in mean surface air temperature anomalies (GISTEMPv4; 1951-1980 baseline), mean Arctic sea ice extent (NSIDC; Sea Ice Index v3), and mean Arctic sea ice volume (PIOMAS v2.1; Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) over the satellite era. Updated 9/16/2022.2022-10-29T22:21:22+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.com/effects-of-sea-ice-thickness-loss/https://zacklabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/e8341-labe2018b_socialmedia.pngLabe2018b_SocialMediaResponse of sea level pressure (hPa) to future loss of Arctic sea ice thickness (left) and sea ice concentration (right) during the boreal winter (December through February). Statistically significant responses at the 95% confidence level are shown by the black stippling (dots). This figure was adapted from Labe et al. [2018, GRL].2022-08-03T13:21:04+00:00weekly0.6https://zacklabe.comdaily1.02026-04-03T14:40:29+00:00